In the Middle Ages, the Maltese was already popular, so much so, they were imported for European royalty. Their smallness was prized so women could carry them around in their sleeves. Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria were early fans of the Maltese.

Maltese have had many names over the centuries, among them: Spaniel Gentle, Roman Ladies Dog, the Comforter, Melitaie Dog, Ye Ancient Dogge of Malta, Maltese Lion Dog, and Maltese Terrier.

The Romans bred the Maltese for their white coats, a color sacred to the Romans as it was evocative of divinity which the Romans felt was befitting of their pets.